Introduction
Linux is an open-source Unix-like operating system-based family on the Linux kernel, and the OS kernel was first published on 17 September 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Typically, Linux is packaged as the Linux distribution, which contains the supporting libraries and system software and kernel, several of which are offered by the GNU Project. Several Linux distributions use the term "Linux" in the title, but the Free Software Foundation uses the "GNU/Linux" title to focus on the necessity of GNU software, causing a few controversies.
What is the advantage of using Linux?
1. pen Source
As it is open-source, its source code is easily available. Anyone having programming knowledge can customize the operating system. One can contribute, modify, distribute, and enhance the code for any purpose.
2. Security
The Linux security feature is the main reason that it is the most favorable option for developers. It is not completely safe, but it is less vulnerable than others. Linux systems do not require any antivirus program.
3. Free
The biggest advantage of the Linux system is that it is free to use. We can easily download it, and there is no need to buy the license for it. Comparatively, we have to pay a huge amount for the license of the other operating systems.
4. Lightweight
Linux is lightweight. The requirements for running Linux are much less than other operating systems. In Linux, the memory footprint and disk space are also lower. Linux distributions required as little as 128MB of RAM around the same amount for disk space.
5. Stability
Linux is more stable than other operating systems. Linux does not require to reboot the system to maintain performance levels. It rarely hangs up or slow down.
6. Performance
Linux system provides high performance over different networks. It is capable of handling a large number of users simultaneously.
7. Flexibility
Linux operating system is very flexible. It can be used for desktop applications, embedded systems, and server applications too. It also provides various restriction options for specific computers.
8. Software Updates
In Linux, the software updates are in user control. We can select the required updates. There a large number of system updates are available. These updates are much faster than other operating systems.
9. Distributions/ Distros
There are many Linux distributions available in the market. It provides various options and flavors of Linux to the users. Some popular distros are Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, etc.
10. Live CD/USB
All Linux distributions have a Live CD/USB option. It allows us to try or run the Linux operating system without installing it.
Key Features of Linux:
Open Source: The code is open for anyone to see and modify, encouraging a collaborative and innovative community.
Multi-Tasking: Linux lets you do many things at once, like browsing the web, working on documents, and playing music, without slowing down.
Secure Permissions: It's like having a doorman for your files. Linux makes sure only the right people can access them.
Community Support: You'll find help from the friendly Linux community if you have questions or run into problems.
Architecture of Linux system
The Linux operating system's architecture mainly contains some of the components: the Kernel, System Library, Hardware layer, System, and Shell utility.
1. Kernel:- The kernel is one of the core section of an operating system. It is responsible for each of the major actions of the Linux OS. There are some of the important kernel types as:-
Monolithic Kernel
Micro kernels
Exo kernels
Hybrid kernels
2. System Libraries:- These libraries can be specified as some special functions. These are applied for implementing the operating system's functionality and don't need code access rights of the modules of kernel.
3. System Utility Programs:- It is responsible for doing specialized level and individual activities.
4. Hardware layer:- Linux operating system contains a hardware layer that consists of several peripheral devices like CPU, HDD, and RAM.
5. Shell:- It is an interface among the kernel and user. It can afford the services of kernel. It can take commands through the user and runs the functions of the kernel.
There are a few types of these shells which are categorized as follows:
Korn shell
Bourne shell
C shell
POSIX shell
Benefits of Using Linux:
Customization: Linux lets you personalize your computer to fit your needs. You can change its look and feel, and even how it works.
Money Savings: Since Linux is free, you save money on software, and you can use it on as many computers as you want.
Strong Security: Linux is a fortress against cyber threats, protecting your computer and data.
Reliability: It rarely crashes, so you can trust it for important tasks or as a server.
Rich Software: Linux has a wealth of free, open-source software, including office apps, photo editors, and more.
Eco-Friendly: By using Linux on older hardware, you reduce e-waste and save energy.